Secondary Catalogue

Series: Acids, Bases, and Salts


Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Acids are sour in taste, while bases are bitter in taste and feel soapy. Acids and bases are present in a variety of things around us.
Caustic Soda

Caustic Soda

Sodium hydroxide is produced by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. During electrolysis, hydrogen gas gets evolved at the cathode and chlorine gas gets evolved at the anode.
Dissociation of Acids and Bases in Water

Dissociation of Acids and Bases in Water

Acids contain hydrogen and, when dissolved in water, they produce hydronium ions. In the absence of water, acids do not show any acidic property. When bases are dissolved in water, they release hydroxide ions. Some bases like iron III hydroxide...Show More
Hydrated Salts

Hydrated Salts

Hydrated salts are crystalline salts that contain water molecules within their structure. This water of crystallisation gives shape and colour to the crystal. On heating, hydrated salts lose their water of crystallisation and become anhydrous.
Natural Indicator: Litmus

Natural Indicator: Litmus

Litmus is available in the form of strips as blue litmus paper and red litmus paper. Acids change the colour of blue litmus paper to red, while bases change the colour of red litmus paper to blue. Neutral solutions do not change the color of...Show More
Natural Indicator: Turmeric and China Rose

Natural Indicator: Turmeric and China Rose

A turmeric indicator changes the colour of a basic solution to red, and an acidic solution to pale yellow. A China rose indicator changes the colour of a basic solution to green, and an acidic solution to pink.
Neutralisation in Everyday Life

Neutralisation in Everyday Life

When an acid and a base react to form water and a salt, it is known as a neutralisation reaction. Neutralisation reactions have different applications - - in homes, in medicines, in agriculture and in Industries.
Neutralisation Reaction Between Acids and Bases

Neutralisation Reaction Between Acids and Bases

Neutralisation is defined as a process in which an acid reacts with a base to form its salt and water, as in the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide by using the indicator phenolphthalein, where the solution becomes neutral and...Show More
Reaction Between Acids and Bases

Reaction Between Acids and Bases

Acids react with bases to form the corresponding salt and water. For example, sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride and water. Antacids, like milk of magnesia, provide relief from acidity and are basic in nature.
Reaction of Metal Carbonates and Bicarbonates with Acids

Reaction of Metal Carbonates and Bicarbonates with Acids

Acids react with metal carbonates or metal bicarbonates to give out carbon dioxide, along with the corresponding metal salts and water. Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water. This carbon...Show More
Reaction of Metal Oxides with Acids

Reaction of Metal Oxides with Acids

Metal oxides react with acids to form their corresponding metal salts and water. Metal oxides and hydroxides are basic in nature and reactions of metal oxides and hydroxides with acids are considered similar to neutralisation reactions.
Sensitivity of Plants and Animals to the pH Change

Sensitivity of Plants and Animals to the pH Change

The pH value plays an important role in our everyday life. The changes in the pH value affects the survival of living organisms. For example, the pH value of rain water is 5.6 - 7, normally. If it falls to less than 5.6, then it becomes acid rain...Show More
Strength of Acids

Strength of Acids

All acids have hydrogen, and, when dissolved in water, they produce hydronium ions. Strong acids completely ionise in an aqueous solution, while weak acids only partially ionise in an aqueous solution.
Strength of Bases

Strength of Bases

Most bases have hydroxide ions as their constituent element. Strong bases completely ionise in an aqueous solution while weak bases only partially ionise in an aqueous solution.
Synthetic Indicators: Phenolpthalein and Methyl Orange

Synthetic Indicators: Phenolpthalein and Methyl Orange

Indicators tell us whether a substance is an acid or a base, just by a change in colour. Indicators are of two types - - natural indicators and synthetic indicators. Phenolphthalein and methyl orange are the two most common examples of synthetic...Show More
The Importance of pH in the Human Body

The Importance of pH in the Human Body

The pH in the human body tells about the value of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidity produced in the stomach, due to overeating, can be reduced by having an antacid, like the syrup milk of magnesia.
The pH Scale

The pH Scale

The pH scale is used for expressing the concentration of hydronium ions. The pH of pure water is 7. Hence, it is neutral. Substances which have a pH between 0 and 6.9 are acidic in nature while substances which have a pH between 7.1 and 14 are...Show More
Uses of Bases

Uses of Bases

Many substances which are basic in nature are used in our daily lives. For example, toothpastes contain aluminium hydroxide, cleansing agents contain ammonium hydroxide, and antacid contains magnesium hydroxide.
What Acids Have in Common

What Acids Have in Common

All acids contain hydrogen. On reacting with metals, all acids produce hydrogen gas. All acids produce hydrogen ions in water. Compounds that contain hydrogen but do not generate hydrogen ions in aqueous medium are not acidic.